The Essence of Quintessence and the Cost of Compression

Standard two-parameter compressions of the infinite dimensional dark energy model space show crippling limitations even with current SN-Ia data. Firstly they cannot cope with rapid evolution our best-fit to the latest SN-Ia data shows late and very rapid evolution to w0 = −2.85. However all of the standard parametrisations (incorrectly) claim that this best-fit is ruled out at more than 2σ primarily because they track it well only at very low redshift, z ≤ 0.2. Further they incorrectly rule out the observationally compatible region w ≪ −1 for z > 1. Secondly the parametrisations give wildly different estimates for the redshift of acceleration, which vary from zacc = 0.14 to zacc = 0.59. Although these failings are largely cured by including higher-order terms (≥ 3 parameters) this results in new degeneracies and opens up large regions of previously ruled-out parameter space. Finally we test the parametrisations against a suite of theoretical quintessence models. The widely used linear expansion in z is generally the worst, with errors of up to 10% at z = 1 and 20% at z ≥ 2. All of this casts serious doubt on the usefulness of the standard two-parameter compressions in the coming era of high-precision dark energy cosmology and emphasises the need for decorrelated compressions with at least three parameters.